Radio Operations
Select your radio model below for step-by-step operating instructions.
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Frequency Reference
Common frequencies for emergency and amateur communications.
| Select | Channel / Name | Frequency | Category | Location | Notes |
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Knowledge Base
Common questions about radio operations, terminology, and emergency best practices.
📡 Simplex vs. Duplex
Simplex: Radios talk directly to each other on the same frequency (e.g.,
walkie-talkies). Best for short range.
Duplex/Repeater: You transmit on one frequency and receive on another.
Repeaters sit on high ground to massively extend your range.
⚖️ Do I need a license?
FRS/MURS: No license required for personal/business use.
GMRS: Requires a $35 license (covers whole family, no test).
Ham Radio: Requires passing a technical exam to transmit. Note: In a
dire life-or-death emergency, you may use any radio to call for help.
🧩 What are "PL Tones" / Privacy Codes?
They are sub-audible tones that act like a "key" to open the squelch of another radio. They don't make your conversation private; they just filter out other users so you only hear your team.
🆘 Which channel should I use first?
Always try 146.520 MHz (2m Ham) or FRS/GMRS Channel 1 first. In coastal areas, VHF Marine Channel 16 is monitored 24/7 by the Coast Guard. Keep your transmission brief and state "Mayday" or "Emergency" clearly.
📏 What is "2m" and "70cm"?
These refer to the wavelength of the frequencies. 2m (VHF) is around 144MHz and is better for rural/outdoor range. 70cm (UHF) is around 440MHz and is better for penetrating buildings and urban environments.
📻 Can I use a Ham radio for GMRS?
Technically/Legally: No. Ham radios are not FCC-certified for the GMRS bands. However, many "prepper" radios like the Baofeng UV-5R can physically transmit on those bands in an emergency, but it is not legal for daily use.
👨👩👧 Family & Friend Comms (Legal)
The best way to talk legally is GMRS/FRS or MURS.
FRS (License-Free): You can use standard "walkie-talkies" on **Channels
1-22** (462.550 – 467.725 MHz) without any license. These are compatible with GMRS radios.
GMRS: A $35 license covers your entire immediate family. It allows for
higher power and repeaters on the same 22 channels.
MURS: Completely license-free. Use the 151.820, 151.880, 151.940,
154.570, or 154.600 MHz channels.
Avoid using Ham channels unless every person has their own individual Ham
license.
📋 Free Emergency Radio Checklist
Get our printable checklist with essential gear, critical frequencies, and emergency protocols. Everything you need on one sheet.
📧 Get the Free Checklist